Magnet Therapy

Magnet Therapy: A Skeptical View
Stephen Barrett, M.D.

Magnetic devices are claimed to relieve pain and to have therapeutic value against a large number of diseases and conditions. The way to evaluate such claims is to ask whether scientific studies have been published. Pulsed electromagnetic fields—which induce measurable electric fields —have been demonstrated effective for treating slow-healing fractures and have shown promise for a few other conditions. Relatively few studies have been published on the effect on pain of small, static magnets marketed to consumers [1]. Explanations that magnetic fields "increase circulation," "reduce inflammation," or "speed recovery from injuries" are simplistic and are not supported by the weight of experimental evidence [2].
Research Findings

The main basis for pain-reduction claims studies are two double-blind studies, one conducted at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, which dealt with knee pain, and the other conducted at 27 sites, which tested the effects on diabetic neuropathy, a degenerative condition that produces pain and burning of the feet. Both of these studies had significant flaws in their design. Better studies have found no significant benefit.

The Baylor study compared the effects of magnets and sham magnets on knee pain. The study involved 50 adult patients with pain related to having been infected with the polio virus when they were children. A static magnetic device or a placebo device was applied to the patient's skin for 45 minutes. The patients were asked to rate how much pain they experienced when a "trigger point was touched." The researchers reported that the 29 patients exposed to the magnetic device achieved lower pain scores than did the 21 who were exposed to the placebo device [3} This study provides no legitimate basis for concluding that magnets offer any health-related benefit:

* Although the groups were said to be selected randomly, the ratio of women to men in the experimental group was twice that of the control group. If women happen to be more responsive to placebos than men, a surplus of women in the "treatment" group would tend to improve that group's score.
* The age of the placebo group was four years higher than that of the control group. If advanced age makes a person more difficult to treat, the "treatment" group would again have a scoring advantage.
* The investigators did not measure the exact pressure exerted by the blunt object at the trigger point before and after the study.
* Even if the above considerations have no significance, the study should not be extrapolated to suggest that other types of pain can be relieved by magnets.
* There was just one brief exposure and no systematic follow-up of patients. Thus there was no way to tell whether any improvement would be more than temporary.
* The authors themselves acknowledged that the study was a "pilot study." Pilot studies are done to determine whether it makes sense to invest in a larger more definitive study. They never provide a legitimate basis for marketing any product as effective against any symptom or health problem.

The multicenter study, headed by Michael Weintraub, M.D., of New York Medical College, involved 48 investigators in 27 states. Of 375 subjects with diabetic neuropathy who were randomly assigned to wear magnetized insoles or placebo (nonmagnetic) devices for 4 months, 259 completed the study. The authors concluded that there were statistically significant reductions during the third and fourth months in burning; numbness and tingling; and exercise-induced foot pain [4]. However, they noted that despite statistical improvement in pain and quality-of-life scores, there was only "modest clinical benefit." There are also good reasons to challenge the statistical analysis that underlies their conclusions:

* The main outcome table listed 4 sets of average group measurements taken at one-month intervals, which produced 20 possible endpoints.
* Symptom severity in both treatment and placebo groups gradually lessen, but there is little month-to-month variation.
* At each endpoint, the average results in both looked similar, but the standard deviations were large. By breaking the data into subgroups, the authors were able to declare that certain ones were significant. However, with many endpoints and widely scattered data, differences between some endpoints are likely to occur by chance alone. The most favorable differences can then be chosen to suggest significance when none exists.

At least three well-designed pain studies have been negative:

* Researchers at the New York College of Podiatric Medicine have reported negative results in a study of patients with heel pain. Over a 4-week period, 19 patients wore a molded insole containing a magnetic foil, while 15 patients wore the same type of insole with no magnetic foil. In both groups, 60% reported improvement, which suggested that the magnetic foil conveyed no benefit [5].
* Researchers at the VA Medical Center in Prescott, Arizona conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study involving 20 patients with chronic back pain. Each patient was exposed to real and sham bipolar permanent magnets during alternate weeks, for 6 hours per day, 3 days per week for a week, with a 1-week period between the treatment weeks. No difference in pain or mobility was found between the treatment and sham-treatment periods [6].
* Researchers at the Mayo Clinic compared the effects of wearing magnetic or sham-magnetic cushioned insoles over an 8-week period by 101 people with heel pain and found no difference between the treatment and control groups [7].

Magnets have also been claimed to increase circulation. This claim is false. If it were true, placing a magnet on the skin would make the area under the magnet become red, which it does not. Moreover, a well-designed study that actually measured blood flow has found no increase. The study involved 12 healthy volunteers who were exposed to either a 1000-gauss magnetic disk or an identically appearing disk that was not magnetic. No change in the amount or speed of blood flow was observed when either disk was applied to their arm. [8]. The magnets were manufactured by Magnetherapy, Inc, of Riviera Beach, Florida, a company that has been subjected to two regulatory actions.

Legal and Regulatory Actions

In 1998, Magnetherapy, Inc., signed an Assurance of Voluntary Compliance with the State of Texas to pay a $30,000 penalty and to stop claiming that wearing its magnetic device near areas of pain and inflammation will relieve pain due to arthritis, migraine headaches, sciatica or heel spurs. The agreement also requires Magnetherapy to stop making claims that its magnets can cure, treat, or mitigate any disease or can affect any change in the human body, unless its devices are FDA-approved for those purposes [9]. Ads for the company's Tectonic Magnets had featured testimonials from athletes, including golfers from the senior pro tours. Various ads had claimed that Tectonic Magnets would provide symptomatic relief from certain painful conditions and could restore range of motion to muscles and joints. The company had provided retailers with display packages that included health claims, written testimonials, and posters of sports stars. Texas Attorney General Dan Morales stated that some claims were false or unsubstantiated and others had rendered the product unapproved medical devices under Texas law. In 1997, the FDA had warned Magnetherapy to stop claiming that its products would relieve arthritis; tennis elbow; low back pain; sciatica; migraine headache; muscle soreness; neck, knee, ankle, and shoulder pain; heel spurs; bunions; arthritic fingers and toes; and could reduce pain and inflammation in the affected areas by increasing blood and oxygen flow [10].

In 1999, the FTC obtained a consent agreement barring two companies from making unsubstantiated claims about their magnetic products. Magnetic Therapeutic Technologies, of Irving, Texas, is barred from claiming that its magnetic sleep pads or other products: (a) are effective against cancers, diabetic ulcers, arthritis, degenerative joint conditions, or high blood pressure; (b) could stabilize or increase the T-cell count of HIV patients; (c) could reduce muscle spasms in persons with multiple sclerosis; (d) could reduce nerve spasms associated with diabetic neuropathy; (e) could increase bone density, immunity, or circulation; or (f) are comparable or superior to prescription pain medicine. Pain Stops Here! Inc., of Baiting Hollow, N.Y., may no longer claim that its "magnetized water" or other products are useful against cancer, diseases of the liver or other internal organs, gallstones, kidney stones, urinary infection, gastric ulcers, dysentery, diarrhea, skin ulcers, bed sores, arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis, sprains, strains, sciatica, heart disease, circulatory disease, arthritis, auto-immune illness, neuro-degenerative disease, and allergies, and could stimulate the growth of plants.

On August 8, 2000, the Consumer Justice Center, of Laguna Niguel, California filed suit in Orange County Superior Court charging that Florsheim and a local shoe store (Shoe Emporium) made false and fraudulent claims that their MagneForce shoes (a) correct "magnetic deficiency," (b) "generate a deep-penetrating magnetic field which increases blood circulation; reduces leg and back fatigue; and provides natural pain relief and improved energy level."; and (c) their claims are established and proven by scientific studies [11]. A few days after this suit was filed, Florsheim removed the disputed ad from its Web site.

In 2001, Richard Markoll, his wife Ernestine, David H. Trock, M.D., and Bio-Magnetic Treatment Systems (BMTS) pled guilty to criminal charges in connection with a scheme involving pulsed magnetic therapy. The participants used fraudulent billing codes to seek payment from Medicare and three other insurance plans for treatment with a device (Electro-Magnetic Induction Treatment System, Model 30/30) that lacked FDA approval [12]. The treatments—called pulsed signal therapy (PST)—were administered in a clinical trial on an investigational basis not approved by the FDA. The Markolls were sentenced to 3 years probation, a $4,000 fine and a $100 special assessment. Ernestine Markoll was sentenced to 2 years probation, a $1,000 fine and a $25 special assessment. Magnetic Therapy, was sentenced to a 1-day summary probation and a $200 special assessment. The Markolls also signed a civil settlement under which they agreed to pay the U.S Government $4 million [13]. The device was invented by Richard Markoll, MD, PhD, who does not have a medical license but is described in Web site biographies as a graduate of Grace University School of Medicine, a Caribbean medical school. Trock, a former principal investigator for Magnetic Therapy Center, PC, Danbury, CT, was sentenced to 6 months probation. and ordered to make restitution of $35,250 [14]. Trock has co-authored studies claiming that PST is effective for treating pain, but the device is not FDA-approved for that purpose.

In September 2002, California Attorney General Bill Lockyer charged Florida-based European Health Concepts, Inc. (EHC) with making false and misleading claims about its magnetic mattress pads and seat cushions. The complaint, filed in Sacramento Superior Court, also named EHC president Kevin Todd and several sales managers and agents as defendants. The suit seeks more than $1 million in civil penalties for engaging in unfair business practices and making false claims; $500,000 in civil penalties for transactions involving senior citizens; and full restitution for purchasers of the products. The complaint alleged that prospective customers, primarily senior citizens, were invited to attend a free dinner seminar at which they were told that EHC's products could help people suffering from fibromyalgia, lupus, sciatica, herniated discs, asthma, bronchitis, cataracts, chronic fatigue syndrome, colitis, diverticulitis, heart disease, multiple sclerosis, and more than 50 other health conditions. The sales agents offered phony price discounts for immediate purchases that actually were the company's regular prices. [15].

A recent press report indicates that Thorsten Wietschel, who markets magnetic matresses through local gatherings, had two brushes with the law in the United States and is now pitching them in Canada. The report states that (a) was charged with grand theft in California but not prosecuted because he left the state, and (b) a civil action in Arizona resulted in a court order to repay $150,000 to buyers and pay $2 million in penalties [16].

The Bottom Line

There is no scientific basis to conclude that small, static magnets can relieve pain or influence the course of any disease. In fact, many of today's products produce no significant magnetic field at or beneath the skin's surface.

Acne Natural Cure Ideas

There are all kinds of chemicals and medications on the market that profess to help combat acne. While some of these work wonders for acne sufferers, others just don`t do much more than dry out the skin. Since acne is a very individualized condition with the root causes varying between people, it makes sense that the cures are pretty subjective, as well. Some of the best options many find are acne natural cure remedies. Some of these can be made at home and others can be found prepackaged by companies that specialize in herbal and natural remedies.

A lot of people who suffer from acne find they must try multiple remedy options to hit on the one that works for them. Many of those who actually find their individual cure do so through the natural arena. There are some very effective, non-chemical, treatments for acne. While not every product that claims to be an acne natural cure works, many in fact do.

The advantages to trying some of these acne natural cure ideas before trying harsher chemical treatments is simply the fact they are natural. They don`t introduce to the skin anything other than ingredients made by nature and they are generally safe to try. Even the prepackaged acne natural cures generally can boast this claim.

Some of the most common acne natural cure remedies include such commonly found ingredients as citrus juice, cinnamon, mint, tomatoes, potatoes and even sandalwood and rose water. Some of these ingredients, such as the citrus and tomatoes, do have a fairly high, but natural, acid content, so they need to be used in moderation.

When trying any acne natural cure, or chemical one for that matter, it`s important to start out with a single area. Do not apply creams, herbs, chemicals or anything else to the entire face on the first or even second use. Pick a spot that`s affected by an outbreak and use it. Check the spot frequently for allergic reactions or side effects. If these do occur, don`t proceed with further use of that particular product. Instead, move on and try a different type of remedy. While reactions to acne natural cures are generally minimal, they can happen. People can be allergic to an ingredient they didn`t even know they were. So, it`s best to play is safe by using the patch test.

If a particular acne natural cure product doesn`t do the trick, try a different one. Or, if a home remedy is desired, there are all kinds of options here, as well. For example, equal amounts of rose water and lime juice applied to the face for a few minutes before washing or radish seeds ground into a paste with water or even sesame seeds treated the same are said by many to present great acne natural cure options.

There are all kinds of cures for acne on the market. From acne natural cure alternatives to prescription medications, they almost all have a tendency to work for some people, but not necessarily others. Finding the right way to treat an individual case of acne will be an effort of trial and error, but when the right cure is found, it`s worth the work.

for additional information please visit http://www.acnegurus.com

Acne Facts Treatments And Tips For You

Living with acne can be very difficult, and even more difficult to find the right acne treatment for you. There are times when one has to think about alternative, natural, effective treatment methods to get the best cure or solution to their acne, zits, pimples and blackhead problems.

By their mid-teens, nearly 35% of teenagers have acne severe enough to require some treatment from a medical professional. Nearly 17 million people in the United States have acne. Acne is the most common skin disease. People of all races and ages get acne. Baby acne is a rash seen on the cheeks, chin, and forehead of infants. There are several different types of acne.

As time goes by, more research may help determine just how male and female hormones influence acne and the role diet plays. Understanding that hormones may have some influence on the cause of acne needs to be considered.

The cause of acne is really unknown. Doctors think certain factors might cause or contribute to acne including hormone increases in teenage years, hormone changes in pregnancy, starting or stopping birth control pills, heredity, medicines and greasy make-up.

One helpful remedy seems to be to use ice to reduce the swelling caused by inflamed pimples: rub it over the blemishes for 2-3 minutes. Coconut is one of the best treatments I've found for acne. Some natural home remedies include dabbing on non-gel toothpaste to dry out zits or lemon juice.

It just takes motivation, a willingness to try it, and diligent application of coconut oil several times a day and at bedtime to see its benefits. It's easy to treat acne cheaply, simply, naturally, yet effective, at home.

Use baking soda carefully to exfoliate. It's always best to seek non-invasive treatment for any skin condition.

There are several types of acne scars: ice-pick scars, depressed fibrotic scars, superficial and deep soft scars, and atrophic macules. As a registered nurse, I have learned a lot over the years about acne scars, acne scar treatments, and acne scar removal. The good news is that there are several types of treatments to choose from for acne scar removal.

Drink lots and lots of pure, filtered water. Whether you eat a natural diet with living fruits and vegetables or eat dead junk food, what you eat may have a direct or indirect affect on the male hormones which may play a part in acne.

The liver sluffs off toxins from bad foods, drinks, drugs and chemicals and sends them through your skin resulting in skin eruptions, acne, pimples and other skin disorders. Besides external acne treatment it's best to work from the inside out too.

Eat high-fiber snacks like raw nuts, raw seeds, and dried fruit, such as dates, and figs. You want to help the skin from the inside out too. For an easy fiber boost, mix in 2 tablespoons of ground up flaxseeds in raw applesauce, from 2-3 apples, made in your food processor.

The skin must be regularly cleaned or it'll become cracked or inflamed. Functions of the skin are disturbed when it is dirty; it becomes more easily damaged, the release of antibacterial compounds decreases and dirty skin is more prone to develop infections.

Be assured, scientists are constantly looking at new non-invasive ways to treat acne. With cheap, safe, simple, natural, effective, alternative home treatments for acne and pimples, your skin should be well on its way to recovery. In any case, try not to panic about your acne and take it day by day.

For more information on natural treatments for acne and acne light therapy, go to Helen Hecker R.N.'s http://www.Best-Skin-Solutions.com specializing in acne, pimples, and skin disorders with tips, advice and resources for adults, teens and babies, including information on acne scar treatments

Boost Your Metabolism Naturally for Weight Loss

When we are young, our metabolism is naturally high, but as we get older that just isn't the case. Do you remember the days when you could eat anything that you wanted at any time and never seem to gain a pound? Those days were great, and long gone. However there is hope. Of course we live in the age when we all want to find a quick and easy way out of everything. We want to find a magic pill that will change all of our lives, and the fact is there are thousands of them that claim to do just that.

These pills can be very dangerous and even deadly if they are not used properly. The good news is that you don't even need them. There are many solutions that you can easily use to boost your metabolism in a completely natural manner that will not cause more harm than good. The best things that you can do is to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet as is directed by the food guide pyramid.

Even if you have a medical condition that requires you to have a special diet, you can still boost your metabolism. Part of having a good metabolism is having good physical health and the other part is having good mental health. Personal fitness is very important in maintaining a high metabolism. This does not mean that you have to be skinny it just means that you have to be fit.

Drinking certain teas like green teas can also help you to detoxify your body which will also help boost your metabolism. Green tea has become very popular in the past few years as a means of doing this. Also, it is essential that I mention that a protein enriched diet will help you to build up your body's natural muscle mass as well. Adding certain vitamin supplements can also help you to boost your metabolism.

Vitamins like vitamin E, D, C, and B will be great for boosting your metabolism. If you don't like the idea of taking them in pill form you can find these vitamins in most fruits and vegetables that are in their most natural state or steamed. Green vegetables are great sources of natural vitamins and minerals that your body needs to stay fit and healthy. If you are dieting you should make sure that you are eating balanced meals. Getting healthy and boosting your metabolism should go hand in hand. Otherwise, you will only succeed in hurting yourself.